CloudSEK’s Threat Research team has been meticulously monitoring the evolving cyber threat landscape in the Middle East region in context with the recent instability in the region. The report offers a comprehensive analysis of the cyber threat landscape in the Middle East region, examining both qualitative attacks orchestrated by Advanced Persistent Threat (APT) groups and quantitative cyber incidents perpetrated by hacktivist groups. We delve into recent breaches, targeted attacks, and emerging threats, providing insights into the motivations, tactics, techniques, and procedures (TTPs) of prominent hacktivist groups like Anonymous and their affiliates. 

Additionally, we explore the operations of Iranian state-sponsored APT groups, including APT33, APT34, APT35, and APT39, analyzing their objectives and targets across government agencies, defense contractors, and critical infrastructure.